Visual explainer: How to use Narcan to treat a fentanyl overdose
Last year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention counted more than 100,000 overdose deaths across the United States – the most it has ever recorded. Nearly two-thirds of those are estimated to be fentanyl-related.
MORE: Record fentanyl deaths spark new debate over war on drugs
What is fentanyl?
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is extremely potent and can be used on its own or mixed with other drugs, including heroin, methamphetamine and cocaine.
Two milligrams of fentanyl, which is about the size of a grain of sea salt, can be lethal depending on a person’s body size and tolerance.
What is Narcan?
Narcan is the brand name for naloxone, which is a non-narcotic medication used for immediately treating the symptoms of an opioid overdose. It's completely harmless to use and can be lifesaving.
It works by temporarily blocking receptors in the brain from linking with opioids so that the patient can breathe.
You can obtain Narcan for free in many places, including through harm reduction centers, public libraries and even by mail through public health department sites.
How to spot and treat an opioid overdose
The signs and symptoms of an opioid overdose include:
- Slow or absent breathing
- Cold or clammy skin
- Discoloration of lips and nails, usually blue
- Slow heartbeat or low blood pressure
- Unusual sleepiness
- Inability to move or wake up
If you see someone experiencing these symptoms, the first step is to call 911.
Here are steps for working with Narcan.